Carl Friedrich Gauss’s method of least squares is a standard approach for sets of equations in which there are more equations than unknowns. Least squares problems fall into two main categories. Linear also know as ordinary least squares and non-linear least squares. The linear least-squares problem pops up in statistical regression analysis and it has a closed-form solution while the non-linear problem has no closed-form solution. Thus the core calculation is similar in both cases. [...]

Note: This tutorial mainly targets A/L students. In this tutorial I’ll be teaching you the most common operations used with matrices and how-to remember them without much difficulty (matrices can be very complicated, you know!). 6 commonly used matrix operations The Inverse of a Matrix, The Square of a Matrix, Multiplying different Matrices by one another, Multiplying a Matrix by a number (x), Adding Matrices, Subtracting Matrices. – thanks for your comments

Note: This tutorial mainly targets O/L & A/L students. If f(x) … the inverse function will be f^-1 (x) Try to understand the theory along with the ‘questions and answers’ – leave a comment if you’re finding it hard to do so, we’ll explain further. This is going to be more than just a tutorial. Let’s make this a quiz. I will do 4 questions (difficulty-random) along with detailed workings. First try it yourself then [...]

Note: This tutorial mainly targets O/L & A/L students. What does differentiation mean? I’d like to say, the purpose of differentiation is to find the derivative i.e. (dY/dX) For your information: X and Y can be substituted with any other letter! dY/dX is the gradient. And the gradient always tells you how Y changes with respect to X The basic rule for differentiating is, if y=x^n then dy/dx = nx^(n-1) This is going to be [...]

Note: This tutorial mainly targets O/L & A/L students. What is a vector? A vector is a displacement that has a fixed length in a fixed direction. Also you can add vectors in any order as long as you know what you’re doing and don’t mess up. Yes! This is going to be more than just a tutorial. Let’s make this a quiz. I will do one whole question along with detailed workings. First try [...]